LFP Cell

LTO excels in safety, cycle life and charging rate, but the low energy density and high cost limit the application in electric vehicles.

LMO is moderate in overall performance; most LMO battery blend with NCM to improve the energy density and prolong the cycle life. So typically, LMO (NMC) is chosen for electric vehicles application but existing limited growth potential.

LFP has excellent performance of safety and long cycle life but moderate energy density. LFP is primarily used in energy storage and the special vehicles which have a low requirement to battery energy density, high demand for battery safety performance.

NMC is the most favorable chemistry for many passenger vehicles manufacturers because of contribution to long driving distance benefiting from high energy density of NMC but less cycle life than LFP . The three materials of Nickel, Manganese and Cobalt effectively can be blended to output a wide of performance, which includes NMC111, NMC532, NMC622 and the newest NMC811. However, there are a lot of debates about the safety of high Nickel lithium ion battery.

NCA is consist of three materials of Nickel, Manganese and Aluminum, typically 80% Nickel and 15% Cobalt, but 5% aluminum as opposed to Manganese. NCA is also expected to another dominate customer requirements for the foreseeable future because of the vehicle performance success of Tesla electric vehicle combined by Panasonic cylinder batteries and Tesla's excellent battery management system.